Trends in Economic Growth and Income Inequality: Data for 50 Countries (1975–2024)

This dataset provides a longitudinal, multi-dimensional perspective on the global socioeconomic landscape, spanning a 50-year period from 1975 to 2024. By integrating 50 diverse nations across five distinct geographic regions and various income brackets, the data offers a robust framework for analyzing the complex interplay between macroeconomic expansion, demographic shifts, and the evolving nature of wealth distribution. The primary objective of this compilation is to facilitate research into how industrial transitions and employment structures influence national prosperity and social equity over a half-century of globalization.
Data Composition and Indicators

The dataset is meticulously structured into five core thematic domains, derived from the World Bank Open Data API. This ensures a high degree of reliability and standardization for cross-country comparisons.

1. Demographic and Spatial Dynamics
To capture the changing human footprint, the dataset tracks Total Population alongside the spatial distribution of residents via Urban and Rural Population Percentages. Furthermore, Population Density provides insights into the intensity of land use and urbanization trends.

2. Macroeconomic Performance
Economic health is monitored through Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP per capita, providing both absolute and relative measures of national wealth. To account for economic stability and labor market efficiency, the data includes annual Inflation Rates and Unemployment Rates.

3. Employment Structure and Gender Stratification
A distinctive feature of this dataset is the granular breakdown of labor markets. It tracks the percentage of the workforce in Agriculture, Industry, and Services. Crucially, each sector is further disaggregated by gender (e.g., Emp_Agri_F_Percent vs. Emp_Agri_M_Percent), enabling researchers to explore gender-specific shifts in labor as economies modernize from agrarian to service-oriented models.

4. Income Distribution and Poverty Metrics
To address the "Inequality" aspect of the title, the dataset includes the Poverty Headcount Ratio and Mean Income (GNI per capita). It also provides a detailed look at wealth concentration by tracking the income shares held by the Top 10% and 20%, contrasted against the shares of the Bottom 10% and 20%. This allows for the calculation of inequality gaps and the study of middle-class erosion or expansion.

This dataset is ideally suited for researchers investigating:
- The correlation between industrialization (shift from Agriculture to Industry) and the Gini coefficient.
- The impact of gender-based employment shifts on national GDP growth.
- Long-term poverty reduction trends in relation to urban-rural migration.
- The resilience of various income levels against global inflationary periods.