Ukrainian Forest damages (dataset)

A useful and reliable dataset for territory of Ukraine for scientists, conservationists, foresters and other stakeholders involved in monitoring forest damage and its consequences for forest ecosystems and their services. The created dataset contains 18 locations with a time series of satellite images with a resolution of up to 10 m per pixel across Ukraine, as well as weather information. The data was collected from the Copernicus Sentinel-1,2 satellite missions as well as based on ERA-5 weather information. This dataset created within HORIZON Europe project “Satellites for Wilderness Inspection and Forest Threat Tracking” (SWIFTT) No. 101082732. Data structure The name of the file for each separate section of the forest is "n"_dataset.h5, where "n" is the location number. Currently, there are 18 locations in the data set. 2_dataset.h5 – the name of one of the datasets. Data directories Catalog of weather data - "ERA5" Contains geospatial information on weather data from - Land Daily Aggregated - ECMWF Climate Reanalysis. The real spatial resolution is 11132 meters. In our dataset, the data is reduced to 100 m by using interpolation methods. The following products are available in the catalog: ERA5_LAI - One-half of the total green leaf area per unit horizontal ground surface area for high vegetation type. ERA5_Precipitation - Accumulated liquid and frozen water, including rain and snow, that falls to the Earth's surface. It is the sum of large-scale precipitation (that precipitation which is generated by large-scale weather patterns, such as troughs and cold fronts) and convective precipitation (generated by convection which occurs when air at lower levels in the atmosphere is warmer and less dense than the air above, so it rises). Precipitation variables do not include fog, dew or the precipitation that evaporates in the atmosphere before it lands at the surface of the Earth. This variable is accumulated from the beginning of the forecast time to the end of the forecast step. The units of precipitation are depth in meters. It is the depth the water would have if it were spread evenly over the grid box. Care should be taken when comparing model variables with observations, because observations are often local to a particular point in space and time, rather than representing averages over a model grid box and model time step. ERA5_Pressure - Pressure (force per unit area) of the atmosphere on the surface of land, sea and in-land water. It is a measure of the weight of all the air in a column vertically above the area of the Earth's surface represented at a fixed point. Surface pressure is often used in combination with temperature to calculate air density. The strong variation of pressure with altitude makes it difficult to see the low and high pressure systems over mountainous areas, so mean sea level pressure, rather than surface pressure, is normally used for this purpose. The units of this variable are Pascals (Pa). Surface pressure is often measured in hPa and sometimes is presented in the old units of millibars, mb (1 hPa = 1 mb = 100 Pa). ERA5_Temperature - Temperature of air at 2m above the surface of land, sea or in-land waters. 2m temperature is calculated by interpolating between the lowest model level and the Earth's surface, taking account of the atmospheric conditions. ERA5_U_Wind - Eastward component of the 10m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the east, at a height of ten meters above the surface of the Earth, in meters per second. Care should be taken when comparing this variable with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. This variable can be combined with the V component of 10m wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal 10m wind. ERA5_V_Wind - Northward component of the 10m wind. It is the horizontal speed of air moving towards the north, at a height of ten meters above the surface of the Earth, in meters per second. Care should be taken when comparing this variable with observations, because wind observations vary on small space and time scales and are affected by the local terrain, vegetation and buildings that are represented only on average in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System. This variable can be combined with the U component of 10m wind to give the speed and direction of the horizontal 10m wind. The catalog contains the following metadata: The bands names have the following format: Meteo_YYYY-MM-DD, where Meteo – meteorological parameter (temperature, U, V-wind, pressure, precipitation, LAI), YYYY-MM-DD - the date of measurement of the corresponding parameters. channels_ERA5_LAI_date – contains a list of channels with dates for LAI. For example: "LAI_2022-12-30". channels_ERA5_Precipitation_date – contains a channel list with dates for Precipitation. For example: "Precip_2022-12-30". channels_ERA5_Pressure_date – contains a channel list with dates for Pressure. For example: "Pressure_2022-12-30". channels_ERA5_Temperature_date – contains a channel list with dates for Temperature. For example: "Temper_2022-12-30". channels_ERA5_U_Wind_date – contains a list of channels with dates for U_Wind. For example: "U_Wind_2022-12-30". channels_ERA5_V_Wind_date – contains a list of channels with dates for V_Wind. For example: "U_Wind_2022-12-30". Catalog with forest damage mask - "damaged_masks" The following products are available in the catalog: damaged_masks – raster mask for a specific date with forest damage. Mask value Meaning 1 A natural fire that was NOT accompanied by sanitary cutting 11 Forest fires as a result of hostilities 2 Drying of the forest, which was NOT accompanied by sanitary cutting The catalog contains the following metadata: damaged_masks_date – contains information about the date of damage. Name structure: NBox-YYYYs-MMs-DDs-YYYYe-MMe-DDe-mask, where N – the unique identifier of location, the first date (YYYYs-MMs-DDs) end last date of the Sentinel-2 images, which allowed to reveal the corresponding forest damage. Catalog with forest mask - "forest" The following products are available in the catalog: Forest type map 2022 contains 4 classes: 0 – non forest, 1 – broadleaved, 2 – coniferous, 3 - mixed and have the following name-format - NBox_forest_YYYY.tif, where where N – the Box unique number, YYYY – corresponding year. Forest maps for 2018 - 2021 have just one value equal 1 - forest. Catalog with information about rasters – «geotransform» The catalog contains the following information: Products_10m – geospatial information about files. Applies to all files with a resolution of 10 m (Forest masks, damage masks, Sentinel-1,2 images). Products_100m – geospatial information about files. Applies to all 100 m resolution files (ERA5 products). Raster metadata Catalog – «metadata» The catalog contains the following information: Products_100m – file with metadata relating to all files with 100 m resolution (ERA5 products). Products_10m – file with metadata that applies to all files with a resolution of 10 m (Forest masks, damage masks, Sentinel-1,2 images). Catalog with satellite data - "sentinel1" The catalog contains Sentinel-1 satellite radar data. S1 - the Sentinel-1 stack, which contained VV and VH bands every 12 days. channels_S1_date - The bands names have the following format: BN_YYYY-MM-DD_mean, where BN – Band name, YYYY-MM-DD - the date from which 12 days are counted until the next image. Наприклад: 'VV_2022-12-15_mean', 'VH_2022-12-15_mean'. Catalog with satellite data – «sentinel2» The catalog contains Sentinel-2 satellite optical data. S2 - we used 12 spectral bands from the Multispectral Instrument aboard Sentinel-2 with appropriate spatial resolution (four bands at 10 meters, six bands at 20 meters and three bands at 60 meters spatial resolution. Bands with spatial resolution 20 and 60 meters were converted to 10 meter for unification. channels_S2_date - NBox_NN-YYYYs-MMs-DDs-YYYYe-MMe-DDe-S2.tif, where N – the Box unique number, the first date (YYYYs-MMs-DDs) corresponds to start of period, the second (YYYYe-MMe-DDe) – the end of period within which the satellite composite was created. Наприклад: 1 - 1 - B1-2022-02-13-2022-02-14' – the first band for 2022-02-13 (the last day of the period is not taken into account) .