Hazard ratios for Parkinson's disease associated with calcium channel blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers as compared with beta blockers in hypertension population.

aStratified by baseline disease risk score deciles and adjusted for time-varying co-morbidities and medications use (statins, anti-diabetes, anti-platelets, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-psychotics, ischemic heart disease, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).bParkinson's disease defined as outpatient visit diagnosis of Parkinson's disease made by neurologists or any hospitalization diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.cParkinson's disease defined as inpatient or outpatient diagnosis of Parkinson's disease as well as receiving anti-Parkinson drugs.dParkinson's disease defined as diagnosis made after one year of follow-up.eExposure defined by 1.5 years of lag time.fCalculated as quartiles of cumulative defined daily dose (DDD) of the drug class category.ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme; HR, hazard ratio.