External Data: Demographic shifts, inter-group contact, and environmental conditions drive language extinction and diversification

Carrying Capacity EstimationsThe carrying capacity for individuals in this dataset is based on estimated population density (people per km²) for forager societies, as derived from Kavanagh et al. Using a fitted piecewise structural equation model, the authors estimated global population density at a 0.5° × 0.5° resolution.The corresponding raster dataset used in our simulation model is provided in this repository. This raster file is a spatial object in .asc format, where each cell value represents the estimated population density (people per km²) for that location. The file is named:4K_popD_raster_Dec.ascKavanagh, P. H. et al. Hindcasting global population densities reveals forces enabling the origin of agriculture. Nature human behaviour 2, 478 (2018).Language Diversity Data for North AmericaThe empirical richness pattern of language diversity in North America, as used in our simulation, is based on established literature and previously published language range maps.The final dataset is provided as a shapefile, containing:The name of each languageThe corresponding Glottolog identification codeThis shapefile can be found in this repository under the name:NAM_Continent.shpHaynie, H. J. & Gavin, M. C. Modern language range mapping for the study of language diversity. (2019).