The speed of movement of the head direction cell activity packet during testing with axonal conduction delays in either the or synapses but not both.

The results inlineed are the average of five simulations conducted with identical model parameters, but with different random synaptic weight initializations and different random synaptic connectivities. When the model is implemented with axonal conduction delays either only in the synapses, or only in the synapses, then the model can still learn to perform path integration of head direction at approximately the same speed as was experienced during training.