Csf1+ AD-MSCs promote stroke repair by activating the resident microglia

We have employed a single cell sequencing approach using 10x Genomics scRNAseg to study the mechanism of AD-MSCs for treating the injured brain tissue. This study establishes a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke, followed by intravenous infusion of allogeneic AD-MSCs 24 hours post-model induction, in order to observe the therapeutic effect and analyze the underlying mechanism of action. Based on single-cell transcriptomic sequencing technology, we demonstrated that the re-infusion of AD-MSCs 24 hours after stroke mainly promotes the repair of injured brain tissue by activating brain tissue resident microglia and inhibiting bone marine-derived monocytes. Importantly, this role depends on the cell subsets of AD-MSCs that are highly expressing Csf1+. This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms underlying MSC-based stroke treatment and supports the potential for stable and efficacious MSC therapies.