杨树天牛可持续生态控制关键技术及灾变规律研究与应用

针对杨树产业生产上杨树光肩星天牛、桑天牛、黄斑星天牛等杨树天牛为害严重、连续重发，对杨树生长、材质造成严重影响，防治技术薄弱和美国光肩星天牛的来源亟待澄清等问题。本项目组织十余家科教、推广单位协作攻关，持续10 余年承担国家及省里的多项课题，开展了专项研究与示范。 创制了变害为宝利用松褐天牛幼虫规模化繁殖天敌肿腿蜂技术，采集松褐天牛幼虫繁育出天敌肿腿蜂1 亿1 千多万头，研制了释放天敌肿腿蜂和肿腿蜂释传白僵菌生物控制杨树天牛技术，首研出复合经营和释放肿腿蜂为控制杨树天牛的最佳模式，模式的大面积示范区其控灾效果达98.3%，天敌对天牛的控制作用明显增强。 创制了安全、性质稳定防治天牛的8%氯氰菊酯“触破式”微胶囊剂，该剂型具有高效、持效和环保三重优点。于成虫期喷药，40 天后药效达90-100%，可有效降低施药次数、杀伤天敌和污染环境。解决了苏北杨树和“三北”防护林天牛及食叶、卫生等害虫环保救灾的困难，已在全国推广应用。 国内首先用江苏推广的四种杨树品种，通过林农、药等复合经营技术实现了生物多样性，增加了天敌种量，促进了杨树的快速生长和抗天牛危害的能力。实施了清除天牛补充营养中间寄主桑、构等树种及间种天牛的易感诱集树种等措施，集中清理和规模治理效果明显 首创了鱼塘上设黑光灯诱杀天牛等农林害虫，不仅控制了天牛的危害，而且变害为宝，增加了林农鱼蟹的产量效益。 首次应用随机扩增多态性DNA 技术（RAPD）及线粒体DNA（mtDNA）基因测序技术，明确了光肩星天牛不同地理种群的遗传变异关系，实验结果不支持美国所发生的光肩星天牛是从中国传入的观点 完成了全世界首个鞘翅目昆虫－光肩星天牛mtDNA 全基因序列测定（GenBank 登录号DQ768215），建立了光肩星天牛DNA 测序鉴定方法，研制了光肩星天牛PCR 诊断试剂盒 应用分子检测得出了光肩星天牛和黄斑星天牛为同一种，四川星天牛是一个独立的种。有效检测监测了杨树天牛的传播动态、灾变规律和减少了贸易摩擦。

Against the issues of severe and recurrent infestations of poplar longhorn beetles (including Anoplophora glabripennis, Apriona germari, Anoplophora nobilis, etc.) in poplar industry production, which seriously affect poplar growth and wood quality, the weakness of prevention and control technologies, and the urgent need to clarify the origin of Anoplophora glabripennis in the United States, this project organized more than 10 scientific research, education and extension institutions to conduct collaborative research, undertook multiple national and provincial research projects over 10 years, and carried out targeted research and demonstrations.

This project developed a technology to turn harm into benefit by large-scale reproduction of the natural enemy Scleroderma guani using larvae of Monochamus alternatus, and reared over 110 million heads of Scleroderma guani via collecting Monochamus alternatus larvae. It also developed technologies for biological control of poplar longhorn beetles by releasing Scleroderma guani and transmitting Beauveria bassiana via Scleroderma guani, and firstly proposed the optimal model for poplar longhorn beetle control combining mixed forest management and Scleroderma guani release. The disaster control effect of this model in large-scale demonstration areas reached 98.3%, significantly enhancing the control efficacy of natural enemies against longhorn beetles.

A safe and stable 8% cypermethrin "burst-contact" microcapsule formulation for longhorn beetle control was developed, which has the three advantages of high efficiency, long-lasting efficacy and environmental friendliness. Spraying during the adult stage resulted in a pesticidal efficacy of 90-100% after 40 days, effectively reducing the number of unnecessary pesticide applications, non-target killing of natural enemies and environmental pollution. This solved the difficulties in environment-friendly pest control of longhorn beetles, defoliating pests and sanitary pests in poplar forests of northern Jiangsu and the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, and has been popularized and applied nationwide.

For the first time in China, four poplar varieties popularized in Jiangsu were used to achieve biodiversity through integrated forestry-agriculture and pest management technologies, increasing the abundance of natural enemies, promoting rapid growth of poplars and their resistance to longhorn beetle infestation. Measures such as removing adult feeding host trees of longhorn beetles including Morus alba and Broussonetia papyrifera, and interplanting susceptible trap tree species for longhorn beetles were implemented, with obvious effects of centralized cleaning and large-scale control. The project also pioneered the use of black light lamps in fish ponds to trap and kill longhorn beetles and other agricultural and forestry pests, which not only controlled longhorn beetle damage but also turned harm into benefit, increasing the yield and economic benefits of fish and crabs for forest farmers.

For the first time, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene sequencing technologies were applied to clarify the genetic variation relationships among different geographic populations of Anoplophora glabripennis. The experimental results did not support the view that the Anoplophora glabripennis occurring in the United States was introduced from China. The first complete mtDNA genome sequence of a coleopteran insect, Anoplophora glabripennis, was determined (GenBank accession number DQ768215), and a DNA sequencing identification method for Anoplophora glabripennis was established, as well as a PCR diagnostic kit for Anoplophora glabripennis. Molecular detection revealed that Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora nobilis are the same species, while Anoplophora sichuanensis is an independent species. This work effectively detected and monitored the transmission dynamics and outbreak regularity of poplar longhorn beetles, and reduced trade frictions.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于杨树天牛的可持续生态控制技术及灾变规律研究，通过天敌繁育、生物防治和化学制剂等创新方法，实现了对天牛的有效控制。同时，应用分子技术明确了天牛种类和传播动态，为防治实践提供了科学依据。