Research and application of mine ecological restoration technologies and models

To address the prevalent issues in mine ecological restoration, such as monotonous techniques, insufficient geological foundation, neglect of geological condition differences, and a gap in cultural integration, this study focuses on the abandoned mine at Pugongshan in Xixian County, Henan. It aims to explore an integrated approach that combines ecological restoration, cultural preservation, and sustainable economic development.Methods: The project innovatively adopts a geological perspective, systematically constructing a comprehensive restoration system. This system integrates geological restoration technologies (including geological landscape reconstruction, land reconstruction and stabilization, land substrate improvement, and water resource reconstruction) with natural restoration techniques (such as vegetation ecological restoration and landscape ecological maintenance). It further incorporates cultural elements and tourism space development techniques, forming a "geology + nature + culture + tourism" four- in- one integrated 4.0 ecological restoration model.Results:The implementation results demonstrate that this model successfully restored the mine's ecological environment, effectively resolved geological safety hazards, while simultaneously creating distinctive cultural landscapes and realizing tourism industry development. It formed a three- in- one integration of ecological, cultural, and tourism functions. Its core value lies not only in eliminating environmental problems but also in creating long- term economic benefits, powerfully promoting regional sustainable development.Conclusions: This model provides replicable and scalable successful experience and a demonstration case for systematic, multifunctional ecological restoration of similar abandoned mines domestically, delivering significant comprehensive ecological, economic, and social benefits.