HPS1:HPS4 exchange GTP for GDP on RAB32 and RAB38
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RAB32 and RAB38 play non-redundant but overlapping roles in melanosome and lysosome-related organelle (LRO) biogenesis (Loftus et al, 2002; Wasmeier et al, 2006; Lopes et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2008; Bultema et al, 2012; reviewed in Bultema and di Pietro, 2012). Through interaction with effector protein ANKRD27 (also known as VARP, a RAB21-specific GEF), RAB32 and RAB38 control trafficking of melanogenic enzymes; ANKRD27 GEF activity does not appear to be essential for this, however (Tamura et al, 2009; Tamura et al, 2011; Ohbayahsi et al, 2012). BLOC-3, a dimeric complex of HPS1 and HPS4, has RAB32- and RAB38 GEF activity and mutation in the genes encoding HPS1 and HPS4 results in defects in pigmentation and mislocalization of RAB32 and 38, and are associated with the rare autosomal recessive disorder Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (Gerondopoulos et al, 2012; reviewed in Ishida et al, 2016). Interaction of RAB32:GDP or RAB38:GDP with BLOC-3 promotes release of GDP, allowing GTP to bind, and precludes the interaction of the RAB proteins with GDI and CHM proteins.
RAB32和RAB38在黑色素小体及相关溶酶体(LRO)生物发生中扮演非冗余但重叠的角色(参见Loftus等,2002年;Wasmeier等,2006年;Lopes等,2007年;Wang等,2008年;Bultema等,2012年;Bultema和di Pietro,2012年综述)。通过与其效应蛋白ANKRD27(亦称VARP,一种RAB21特异性GEF)的相互作用,RAB32和RAB38调控黑色素生成酶的运输;然而,ANKRD27 GEF活性似乎并非此过程的必需因素(Tamura等,2009年;Tamura等,2011年;Ohbayahsi等,2012年)。BLOC-3,由HPS1和HPS4组成的二聚体复合物,具有RAB32和RAB38 GEF活性,而HPS1和HPS4编码基因的突变会导致色素沉着缺陷、RAB32和RAB38的错位定位,并与罕见的常染色体隐性遗传病Hermansky-Pudlak综合征相关(Gerondopoulos等,2012年;参见Ishida等,2016年综述)。RAB32:GDP或RAB38:GDP与BLOC-3的相互作用促进GDP的释放,允许GTP的结合,并阻止RAB蛋白与GDI和CHM蛋白的相互作用。
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