Equations of the velocities caused by the optically-induced electrokinetics forces exerted on the two types of cells.

Here, is the zeta potential; η is the dynamic viscosity of DI water; Et is the tangential electric field; T is the temperature of the liquid solution; and τ = εm/σm. For DI water at room temperature, approximately, k = 0.6 J·m−1 s−1·K−1; ρm = 1 g·cm−3, α = −0.4% K−1; β = 2% K−1; and ∂ρm/∂T/ρm = 10−4 K−1[30].