User perception for the adoption of chatbots

Artificial intelligence has gained significant attention in education, and the chatbot is one of thelatest additions to its list. Students need to adopt the ability with the rapid evolution of onlineplatforms to thrive in this dynamic environment. It is crucial to know the acceptance of Chatbotssuch as Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), Google Bard, and others, whichutilize the Large Language Model (LLM), to know its effectiveness, learning outcomes, andattitude towards them among the students. Through Partial Least Squares Structural EquationModeling (PLS-SEM) by considering the Technology Readiness Index (TRI) and TechnologyAcceptance Model (TAM), this research work's main goal is to examine the factors thatinfluence chatbot adoption in higher education among students.