Proportion of students at the end of lower secondary education achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in mathematics, adjusted speaks language of the test parity index (LTPIA)

The adjusted speaks language of the test parity index (LTPIA) is calculated by dividing the value for the indicator for students who do not speak the language of the test at home by the value for the indicator for students who speak the language of the test at home. If the resulting value exceeds 1, the ratio is inverted and subtracted from 2. The adjusted speaks language of the test parity index is symmetrical around 1 and lies in the range 0-2. An adjusted LTPI equal to 1 indicates parity between students who do and do not speak the language of the test at home. In general, a value less than 1 indicates disparity in favor of students who speak the language of test at home. A value greater than 1 indicates disparity in favor of students who do not speak the language of the test at home.