Trade-offs among restored ecosystem functions are context-dependent in Mediterranean-type regions

Global biodiversity hotspots, including Mediterranean-type ecosystems worldwide, are highly threatened by global change that alters biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services. Some restoration activities enhance ecosystem functions by reintroducing plant species based on known relationships between plant traits and ecosystem processes. Achieving multiple functions across different site conditions, however, requires understanding how abiotic factors like climate and soil, along with plant assemblages, influence ecosystem functions, including their trade-offs and synergies. We used the ModEST ecosystem simulation model, which integrates carbon, water, and nutrient processes with plant traits, to assess the relationships between restored plant assemblages and ecosystem functions in Mediterranean-type climates and soils. We investigated whether maximised carbon increment, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency, along with their trade-offs and synergies, varied across differe..., , , # Trade-offs among restored ecosystem functions are context-dependent in Mediterranean-type regions

The dataset includes species lists and trait data (Species List.txt), simulated data from the ModEST model (**Simulation Data_FunctionsTraits.RData**, **Simulation Data_PFTBiomass.RDat**a), and R scripts for data evaluation (Fig-4.R, Fig-5.R, Fig-6.R). Details on the simulated data and its evaluation can be found in the main text.

The simulated data header meanings are:

* **PFTs**: Restoration scenario
* **MAP**: Mean annual precipitation (mm)
* **MAT**: Mean annual temperature (°C)
* **LAT**: Solar radiation (1/deg)
* **ST**: Soil texture
* **EWU**: Water-use efficiency (g L⁻¹ year⁻¹)
* **ENU**: Nitrogen-use efficiency (kg NPP m⁻² g N⁻¹ m⁻³)
* **ECI**: Ecosystem carbon increment (t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹)
* **CNleaf**: Carbon to nitrogen ratio of the leaves (-)
* **kStore**: Constant for maximum N storage differing between deciduuous and evergreen species (-)
* **maxCA**: Maximum possible crown ...,