Data and code availability

Data and code are provided for verification of results only. Any persons wishing to use the data and/or code for novel analyses must contact the authors for approval and/or collaboration. he spatial locations of protected areas and OECMs are freely available at https://www.protectedplanet.net. Google Earth Engine code to determine annual forest loss in Colombia and South Africa is available at https://code.earthengine.google.com/1cbc484a4f2137a7faaf49b7e3c42dc5.
[The other data and R code for the statistical analyses and terrestrial connectivity simulations are temporarily available to reviewers and editors at https://umt.app.box.com/folder/238361800416?s=x2wpugkob75r0aaeysnlp0am4wuq2b2t. Please do not distribute or use for any purposes other than verifying our results. After acceptance, the final versions of the data and code will be posted on FigShare and Zenodo, respectively, with DOIs provided here.]