Baltic region dataset

The Baltic region dataset has been prepared as an INES (Interoperable Energy System) database, using a validated Spine Toolbox workflow. Scope (Warning: this dataset is under development, to be updated till December 2026.): Geographical resolution: The model represents the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and their interconnections with neighbouring systems, using cross-border exchange data from a Pan-European model. The electrical system is captured at the country level, while the heating system is represented with more spatial granularity, distinguishing capital-city areas and additional regional zones to account for differences in heat demand and supply structures. To analyse region-specific impacts in detail, Latvia’s capital heating network is divided into two subsystems. An additional NUTS-3 region is explicitly separated to reflect local constraints and development potential under local military-related restrictions.Temporal resolution: The core modelling horizon is 2050, with simulations primarily conducted at hourly resolution to capture renewable variability and cross-sector interactions. For the region-specific scenario, time resolution is refined to 15-minute intervals, allowing more precise analysis of wind intermittency, system balancing needs, and short-term flexibility requirements.Sector resolution: The modelling framework includes multiple energy sectors and conversion pathways: power, heating, gas, and Power-to-X (P2X) systems, buildings (space heating, hot water, efficiency measures) and transport; a comprehensive set of commodities: natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, biomass, waste, coal, oil shale/retort gas, oil products (gasoline, diesel, ethanol, biodiesel). Carbon dioxide emissions from all relevant processes are explicitly represented.