Costs standardised to one MC procedure for a cohort of 150,000 adults and 150,000 newborns in Rwanda, 2008.

Base case year, 2008.aThe costs of a promotion campaign for a circumcision program that targeted infants, adolescent, and adults would be less than the sum of the individual campaigns, which would increase the cost-effectiveness of each if implemented jointly.bDorsal slit method (reflecting current practice in Kigali) in hospital.