Effect of time on age-specific mortality for northern muriquis at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala, Brazil from 1983 to 2010 (equation 3).

1For fixed effects this is the z-score, and for random effects this is the appropriate (χ20+χ21)/2 or (χ20+2χ21+χ22)/4 score. Statistical tests are only provided for those quantities of interest. For both sexes together, N = 686 observations, with 15 age classes and 28 years. For males, N = 286 observations, with 12 age classes and 28 years. For females, N = 315 observations, with 13 age classes and 28 years. For males and females, age classes were merged so that each age class-year had an observation.