ANATOMY OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND ITS COMMON PATHOLOGIES

This article examines in detail the anatomical structure of the columna vertebralis (vertebral column), its main functions, and commonly occurring pathological conditions. The vertebral column is an essential component of the human musculoskeletal system, performing functions such as maintaining the upright posture, enabling movement, and protecting the medulla spinalis. The anatomical features of the vertebral column sections - vertebrae cervicales, vertebrae thoracicae, and vertebrae lumbales - are described.