Efficient very low charged ammonia systems.

This paper discusses the options for expanding use of ammonia as refrigerant in densely populated areas by utilizing ultra-low-charged air or water cooled chillers for air conditioning, refrigeration or high side of the cascade system. The paper presents a proposal for defining terminology in low charged systems (Ultra Low, Very Low and Low charge) and also the importance of definition of the allowable charge that would expand the use of ammonia chillers treating them equally as when using A2L refrigerants. The paper also shows development in large low charged units for industrial refrigeration as well as some new ultra-low charged ammonia chillers.