Effects of temporal segmentation of meal composition on human adipose tissue transcriptome

There is few data about effects of temporal segmentation of meal composition on the metabolic response in humans. The meal-induced hormonal secretion in humans strongly depends on the meal composition and on the day time and may be involved in the circadian entrainment of metabolic gene expression. Our study investigated effects of two different diurnal patterns of meal composition (carbohydrate-rich meals in the morning and fat-rich meals in the evening or vice versa) on the gene expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). 15 non-diabetic non-obese men participated in the cross-over study. We compared effects of two 4-week isocaloric diets – (1) HC/HF diet consisted of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast and lunch (65 EN% carbohydrates, 20 EN% fat, 15 EN% protein) and a fat-rich snack and dinner (35 EN% carbohydrates, 50 EN% fat, 15 EN% protein) and (2) HF/HC diet consisted of a fat-rich breakfast and lunch and a carbohydrate-rich snack and dinner. At the end of each intervention period, subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were collected three times during the investigation day (at 8.40, 12.20 and 19.00).