Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data: National Incident-Based Reporting System, 2014

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In the late 1970s, the law enforcement community called for a thorough evaluative study of the UCR with the objective of recommending an expanded and enhanced UCR program to meet law enforcement needs into the 21st century. The FBI fully concurred with the need for an updated program to meet contemporary needs and provided its support, formulating a comprehensive redesign effort. Following a multiyear study, a "Blueprint for the Future of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program" was developed. Using the "Blueprint," and in consultation with local and state law enforcement executives, the FBI formulated new guidelines for the Uniform Crime Reports. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) was implemented to meet these guidelines. NIBRS data are archived at ICPSR as 11 separate data files per year, which may be merged by using linkage variables. Prior to 2013 the data were archived and distributed as 13 separate data files, including three separate batch header record files. In 2013 the FBI combined the three batch header files into one file. Consequently, ICPSR instituted new file numbering for the 2013 data. NIBRS data focus on a variety of aspects of a crime incident. Part 2 (formerly Part 4), Administrative Segment, offers data on the incident itself (date and time). Each crime incident is delineated by one administrative segment record. Also provided are Part 3 (formerly Part 5), Offense Segment (offense type, location, weapon use, and bias motivation), Part 4 (formerly Part 6), Property Segment (type of property loss, property description, property value, drug type and quantity), Part 5 (formerly Part 7), Victim Segment (age, sex, race, ethnicity, and injuries), Part 6 (formerly Part 8), Offender Segment (age, sex, and race), and Part 7 (formerly Part 9), Arrestee Segment (arrest date, age, sex, race, and weapon use). The Batch Header Segment (Part 1, formerly Parts 1-3) separates and identifies individual police agencies by Originating Agency Identifier (ORI). Batch Header information, which is contained on three records for each ORI, includes agency name, geographic location, and population of the area. Part 8 (formerly Part 10), Group B Arrest Report Segment, includes arrestee data for Group B crimes. Window Segments files (Parts 9-11, formerly Parts 11-13) pertain to incidents for which the complete Group A Incident Report was not submitted to the FBI. In general, a Window Segment record will be generated if the incident occurred prior to January 1 of the previous year or if the incident occurred prior to when the agency started NIBRS reporting. As with the UCR, participation in NIBRS is voluntary on the part of law enforcement agencies. The data are not a representative sample of crime in the United States.

国家事件基础报告系统（NIBRS）是统一犯罪报告计划（UCR）的一部分，由联邦调查局（FBI）负责管理。在20世纪70年代末，执法部门呼吁对UCR进行彻底的评估研究，旨在推荐一个扩展并完善的UCR计划，以满足21世纪执法需求。FBI完全赞同更新程序以适应当代需求的必要性，并提供支持，制定了一项全面的重构努力。经过多年的研究，制定了一份《统一犯罪报告计划未来蓝图》。利用该《蓝图》，并在与地方和州执法部门领导的协商下，FBI制定了新的统一犯罪报告指南。国家事件基础报告系统（NIBRS）的实施旨在满足这些指南。NIBRS数据以每年11个独立的数据文件存档于ICPSR，这些文件可以通过关联变量进行合并。在2013年之前，数据以13个独立的数据文件存档和分发，包括三个独立批量头记录文件。2013年，FBI将三个批量头文件合并为一个文件。因此，ICPSR对2013年的数据实施了新的文件编号。NIBRS数据专注于犯罪事件的各个方面。第二部分（原第四部分），行政段，提供了关于事件本身（日期和时间）的数据。每个犯罪事件由一个行政段记录界定。此外，还提供了第三部分（原第五部分），犯罪行为段（犯罪类型、地点、武器使用和偏见动机），第四部分（原第六部分），财产段（财产损失类型、财产描述、财产价值、毒品类型和数量），第五部分（原第七部分），受害者段（年龄、性别、种族、民族和伤害），第六部分（原第八部分），犯罪者段（年龄、性别和种族），以及第七部分（原第九部分），被捕者段（逮捕日期、年龄、性别、种族和武器使用）。批量头段（第一部分，原第一至三部分）通过来源机构标识符（ORI）区分和识别个别警察机构。批量头信息，包含在每个ORI的三个记录中，包括机构名称、地理位置和地区人口。第八部分（原第十部分），B组逮捕报告段，包括B组犯罪的被捕者数据。窗口段文件（第九至十一部分，原第十一至十三部分）涉及未向FBI提交完整A组事件报告的事件。一般来说，如果事件发生在上一年的1月1日之前，或者事件发生在机构开始NIBRS报告之前，将生成一个窗口段记录。与UCR一样，执法机构的参与NIBRS是自愿的。这些数据并不是美国犯罪的一个代表性样本。