Probability distribution of joint genotypes at a test marker and a putative QTL and genotypic values at the QTL.

where A and a are segregating alleles at a putative QTL, T and t are alleles at the test marker locus. Allele frequency of A is q, allele frequency of T is p. Q and R are conditional probabilities of marker allele T given QTL allele A and a respectively, which are formulated as and where D is the coefficient of linkage disequilibrium between the marker and QTL. μ, d and h are population mean, additive and dominance genic effects at the QTL.