GPM GROUND VALIDATION NOAA S-BAND PROFILER ORIGINAL DWELL DATA MC3E

The GPM Ground Validation NOAA S-Band Profiler Original Dwell Data MC3E dataset was gathered during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) in Oklahoma from April 16, 2011 to June 7, 2011. The overarching goal was to provide the most complete characterization of convective cloud systems, precipitation, and the environment that has ever been obtained, providing constraints for model cumulus parameterizations and space-based rainfall retrieval algorithms over land that had never before been available. The S-band profiler operated at 2.8 GHz, pointed vertically, and measured the backscattered power from raindrops and ice particles as precipitating cloud systems passed overhead. The S-band operated in two modes: precipitation mode and attenuated mode. The precipitation mode was the normal or full-power mode, and the attenuated mode was the low-power mode. The profiler alternated between modes collecting either 7 or 9 consecutive precipitation mode profiles separated by 1 attenuated mode profile. Both modes processed radar pulses collected during a 7-second dwell before calculating the Doppler velocity spectra at each radar range gate that were separated by 60-meters in the vertical. The attenuated and precipitation mode data are available in moment, pop spectra (uncalibrated raw spectra) and calibrated spectra hourly files. The S-band spectra were calibrated against the surface disdrometer to determine a radar calibration constant. Calibrated spectra were constructed for each profile and are expressed as reflectivity spectral density. After calibration, the instrument provides a reflectivity estimate through the precipitation. Data is in hourly files in the netCDF format.

GPM 地面验证计划中的 NOAA S 波段雷达剖面仪原始驻留数据 MC3E 数据集，系在 2011 年 4 月 16 日至 6 月 7 日期间于美国俄克拉荷马州进行的亚热带大陆性对流云实验（MC3E）期间收集。其核心目标在于提供迄今为止对对流云系、降水及其环境最为详尽的描述，为模型中对流参数化和陆地上的基于空间降雨检索算法提供前所未有的约束。S 波段雷达剖面仪在 2.8 GHz 的频率下垂直指向，测量降水云系经过上空时雨滴和冰粒的后向散射功率。S 波段雷达剖面仪运行于两种模式：降水模式和衰减模式。降水模式为正常或全功率模式，而衰减模式则为低功率模式。剖面仪在两种模式间交替工作，收集 7 或 9 个连续的降水模式剖面，每个剖面之间以 1 个衰减模式剖面分隔。两种模式均处理在 7 秒驻留期间收集的雷达脉冲，并在每个雷达距离门计算多普勒速度谱，这些距离门在垂直方向上间隔 60 米。衰减模式和降水模式的数据均以矩、脉冲谱（未校准的原始谱）和校准谱的小时文件形式提供。S 波段谱与地面雨滴谱仪进行校准，以确定雷达校准常数。为每个剖面构建了校准谱，并以其反射率谱密度表示。校准后，仪器通过降水提供反射率估计。数据以小时文件的形式，采用 netCDF 格式存储。