Four differentially expressed genes involved in the synthesis of flavan 3 ols in the testa of contrasting colored seeds of Chilean landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris L

The study focuses on the genetic and biochemical characteristics of Chilean common bean landraces, particularly 'Peumo' and 'Tortola'. It highlights that 'Peumo' has a significantly higher content of condensed tannins, such as catechin and epicatechin, during reproductive development under deficit irrigation compared to 'Tortola'. Through RNA sequencing, the research identifies four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to the production and accumulation of flavan-3-ols in the testa of these landraces. Additionally, the study analyzes 962 and 483 DEGs at different developmental stages in both landraces. A key gene, Phvul.002G079300, is identified and validated as influential in the reduced production and transport of catechin and epicatechin in 'Tortola'. This research is significant in understanding the genetic factors influencing seed testa color and may guide future molecular breeding and biochemical studies to enhance the color and antioxidant properties of common beans.