Supporting Information for Detection and Analysis of Frontal Waves by way of VIIRS Day-Night-Band Satellite Imagery

Introduction

This is the supporting dataset for our work on the detection and analysis of frontal waves using VIIRS Day-Night Band satellite imagery. The Dataset we used for the model training is provided. The dataset includes image files and text files that indicate labels. Dataset S1, obj.zip is the dataset we used for training, and dataset S2 is for validation. We also provide the trained weights file of YOLOv3.  The event list and all frontal wave images we found using the ML model are also provided. 

Dataset S1: uploaded as “obj.zip”

The zip file should be unzipped. The folder contains PNG images and text files we used for the training. Each text file contains label information of the corresponding image file. The format is “class_id, x_center_norm, y_center_norm, width_norm, height_norm”.The class_id is the index number of the class and is always 0 here. The x_center_norm and y_center_norm indicate the coordinate of the label in the image in normalized values. The width_norm and height_norm indicate the width and height of the label in normalized values, respectively. This is the format supported by YOLOv3.

Dataset S2: uploaded as “test.zip”

The format is the same as Dataset S1, but the dataset is for validation.

Weight S1: uploaded as “yolov3_custom.weights”

The weight of the network of YOLOv3 trained in this study. The file format is supported by YOLOv3.

Text S1: uploaded as “eventlist.csv”

The event list of frontal waves in CSV format. The event list is the result of the event survey on the moonless images of Suomi NPP VIIRS/DNB from January 2012 to June 2023 using the trained YOLOv3 model. The first column indicates the event ID. The second and third columns show the intensity and geolocation data file names, respectively. The data files can be downloaded at https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/5200/VNP02DNB/ and https://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/archive/allData/5200/VNP03DNB. The fourth column indicates the name of the frontal wave image. The corresponding image files can be found in Dataset S3. The fifth column shows the observation time. The format is “YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss,” where YYYY, MM, DD, hh, mm, and ss mean year, month, day, hour, minute, and second. The sixth and seventh columns present the latitude and longitude of the center of the frontal wave. Columns eight to eleven list 'X_CENTER_NORM,' 'Y_CENTER_NORM,' 'WIDTH_NORM,' and 'HEIGHT_NORM,' delineating the rectangular position of the wave event in normalized values within the image from the top left corner (0,0) to bottom right (1,1).Dataset S3.

Dataset S3: uploaded as “image.zip”

The zip file should be unzipped. The folder contains PNG image files of the frontal waves detected in this study. A white rectangle(s) within each image marks the frontal wave's location.