Deriving population scaling rules from individual-level metabolism and life history traits - Code and Data

Individual metabolism generally scales with body mass with an exponent
around 3/4. From dimensional arguments it follows that maximum population
growth rate (rmax) scales with a -1/4 exponent. However, the
dimensional argument implicitly assumes that offspring size is
proportional to adult size. Here we calculate rmax from metabolic scaling
at the level of individuals within size-structured populations while
explicitly accounting for offspring size. We identify four general
patterns of how rmax scales with adult mass based on four empirical
life-history patterns employed by groups of species. These life-history
patterns are determined by how traits of somatic growth rate and/or
offspring mass relate to adult mass. One life-history pattern -- constant
adult:offspring mass ratio and somatic growth rate independent of adult
mass -- leads to the classic -1/4 scaling of rmax. The
other three life-history patterns lead either to non-metabolic population
growth scaling with adult mass or do not follow a power-law relationship
at all. Using life-history data of five marine taxa and terrestrial
mammals, we identify species groups that belong to one of each case. We
predict that elasmobranchs, copepods, and mammals follow standard
-1/4 power-law scaling, whereas teleost fish and bivalves do not
have a pure power-law scaling. Our work highlights how taxa may deviate
from the classic -1/4 metabolic scaling pattern of maximum
population growth. The approach is generic and can be applied to any taxa.