高經濟林產品生產鏈關鍵技術之研發Study on key techniques in the production chain of forest products with high values

生產高價值林產品的過程如南洋紅豆杉的10-DAB (歐洲紫杉醇前驅物)與土肉桂的精油與黃酮類，包括營養系繁殖、栽培、農場經營、枝葉收獲乾燥包裝，與每批次的成分分析。在這生產鏈中，有許多降低成本與提高效率的關鍵技術。對南洋紅豆杉而言，關鍵技術可能就在採穗園的經營以提供高產量的扦插發根苗，以及如何在是當季節採收枝葉以獲得高收益的10-DAB。對土肉桂而言，就可能是培養幼年化苗木以提高在農場栽培的存活與生物量，以及如何同時收獲精油與黃酮類。本計畫研究建立關鍵技術以期望台灣產業能投資此二高經濟林作物。南洋紅豆杉台紅3號在2014年完成技術移轉，從2012年4月在烏來信賢苗圃建立栽培區(圖1左)，在2014年至2016年，大量繁殖體系包括在2014年11月大量採穗扦插，2015年3月培育軟缽苗，2016年11月培育苗高50 cm共1萬株。與林務局合作，在2017年初將完成5 ha供台紅3號栽培，紅豆杉台紅3號成功的完成從育種、繁殖、育苗、栽培的生產鏈。從肉桂醛型土肉桂葉片生產的肉桂醛純露的栽培區(圖1)與生產技術，在2016年7月經財團法人農業科技研究院評估為適合商品化的技術，依據農科院的評估：純露用在沙士飲料的產值可達3千5百萬元以上，用在家禽飼料業的產值在7千6百萬元以上。具有商品價值的純露雖然含有香豆素2 ppm以下，符合衛福部規範的安全濃度。但飲料業與動物飼料業為食安考量，要求純露的香豆素為零檢出。我們選拔出2肉桂醛型品系在蓮華池建立7個月的栽培區，在栽培期間取葉片分析，香豆素都零檢出，我們將採收葉片製造純露生產無香豆素的純露，達成技術移轉。
The production process of valuable forest product such as 10-DAB (a precursor of docytaxel) in Taxus sumatrana, essential oils, and flavonoids in Cinnamomum osmophloeum includes clonal propagation, cultivation, farm management, branch harvest, drying, packaging, and constituent analysis in every batch. In this production chain, there have major key technique to lower cost and increase efficiency. For T. sumatrana, the key tech might be the scion garden management to produce mass cuttings to supply a great amount of rooted cuttings, and how to harvest at suitable season to obtain the greatest yield of 10-DAB. For C. osmophloem, it might be how to supply juvenile plants to enhance the survival and biomass in a farm, to harvest both essential oils and flavonoids in one step. This project is trying to establish key techs to hope companies in Taiwan may invest these two valuable forest crops. The variety of T. sumatrana ‘Taiyew No.3’, a 10-DAB rich variety, was licensed to a biotech company in 2014. We established a cultivation farm (Fig. 1) at Shinshan, Wulai in Apr 2012. During the period from 2014 to 2016, the mass propagation including rooting cuttings beginning in Dec 2014, transplanting them into pots in Mar 2015, and growing one thousand potted plants up to 50 cm high in Nov 2016 was established. An area with 5 ha of forest land provided by Taiwan Forest Bureau has will be ready for planting Taiyew No. 3 in early year of 2017. Cuttings produced scions from this garden were contracted to support the requirement of Taxus cultivation. The production chain for Taiyew No.3 has successfully constructed. The commercial products of cinnamon hydrosol made from leaves of C. osmophloeum ct cinnamon was established (Fig. 1) and the production chain was evaluated by Agricultural Technology Research Institute (ATRI). It was estimated that the market of hydrosol in SARS drinks will reach more than 35 million NT dollars and in poultry feed will reach more than 76 million NT dollars. The hydrosol contained coumarin less than 2 ppm, a minimum concentration allowing used announced by Ministry of Health and Welfare. Non-detected level of coumarin is asked by beverage industry. We selected two varieties and planted at Lianhuachi Research Institute, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute for 7 months this year. The leaves were sampled and did not find any coumarin. We will harvest leaves in Mar next year and produce hydrosol without coumarin, which variety and product production will license to beverage industries.