Measurements of trace substances (e.g. Nitrate, sulphate, anions, cations, methane, etc) from air and snow samples from a remote area on the east Antarctic plateau

Samples of air and snow were collected at a remote site on the east Antarctic plateau for determination of a number of trace atmospheric components to better understand the processes by which atmospheric impurities become trapped in the snow layers. The relationship between atmospheric concentrations and snow impurity content was examined in relation to meteorological data collected during the season. Filters were exposed to air samples and chemically analysed to determine airbourne concentrations of Na, Al, Ca, K, Cl, nitrate, sulphate and possibly some heavy metals to indicate concentrations of the chief airbourne particulate impurities (sea salt, rock dust and sulphates). The filters were also examined by scanning electron microscope to determine the physical characteristics of the airbourne particulates with information about chemical composition of individual particles. Soluble anions (sulphate, nitrate, chloride) and cations (magnesium, sodium, potassium and calcuym), methane and sulphonate were also tested for. Polyurethane foam filters were analysed for trace levels of toxic organic compounds such as dioxins, furans and pesticide residues. Air samples were run through an air tube containing gold coated sand and analysed to determine atmospheric mercury concentrations. Aerosol particulate concentrations and sizes were monitored nearly continuously alongside meterological measurements (wind speed and direction and air temperature). Several samples of snow cores were taken and analysed for chemical species, sulphur species, dimethyl sulphideoxide, dimethyl disulphide and toxic compounds in parallel with air samples. Physical profiles of the top 2 meters of snow were also carried out including density, temperature and hardness being measured with layers of depth hoar and wind crusts noted.