Supplementary Material for: Associations of small-airway disease with exercise intolerance and long-term outcomes in patients with heart failure and reduced or preserved ejection fraction

Introduction: Small airway is reportedly more susceptible than central airways in heart failure (HF), which may cause poor outcomes. We investigated clinical significance of small-airway disease (SAD) on exercise intolerance and clinical events in patients with HF and reduced or preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).
Methods: We studied consecutive patients with HF admitted for medical treatment and measured maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) on spirometry and six-min walking distance (6MWD) at hospital discharge. SAD and exercise intolerance were defined by MMEF relative to

引言：据报告，在心力衰竭（HF）患者中，小气道相较于中央气道更为易感，这可能导致不良的预后。本研究旨在探讨心力衰竭（HF）患者中，小气道疾病（SAD）对运动耐量及临床事件的影响及其临床意义。方法：我们对因医疗治疗而住院的心力衰竭患者进行了连续研究，并在出院时测量了最大中末流速（MMEF）和六分钟步行距离（6MWD）。小气道疾病（SAD）和运动耐量不足通过MMEF相对于（MMEF）的比值进行定义。