Supplementary Material for: Transforming Access to Asthma Care in Underserved Communities– A Scoping Review

Introduction:
Asthma is a complex chronic illness with significant morbidity and costs that can be prevented by effective management. The COVID-19 pandemic introduced large-scale changes in healthcare delivery from in-person, to virtual delivery, providing the opportunity to explore telemedicine and asthma management. We aimed to conduct a scoping review on telemedicine and asthma management and accessibility to treatment in underserved population groups.

Methods:
We performed a scoping review per the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Search terms included asthma, telehealth, telemedicine, virtual care. Searches were performed on four databases (OVID Medline; CINAHL; World of Science; Embase) in publications from 2010 onward, followed by double-blinded, full-text screening using Covidence.

Results:
Our initial search yielded 811 articles, of which after de-duplication and abstract screening, 171 articles remained. We adjusted our inclusion criteria to include articles which discussed asthma telemedicine accessibility only in underserved/vulnerable patient cohorts. Based on these articles, we stratified results into main population categories. These categories were found to be “rural communities” (n=3); “lower-income rural communities” (n=2); “non-rural populations, lower-income” (n=1); “Black, Indigenous, People of Colour (BIPOC) patient populations “(n=4); “English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) patients” (n=1). Each article was placed in its own, respective category and was not repeated in more than one category. Most articles (n=9, 69%) reported a positive association between telehealth use however with reported barriers such as the “digital divide” (n=3, 21%).

Conclusion:
While telemedicine may have a positive effect on asthma care, inaccessibility continues to persist as barriers are not fully bridged by telemedicine.