Development of soluble mucoadhesive film containing plant-derived compounds with bioactivities against common oral pathogens

Background: Plant-derived compounds are a good source of therapeutic agents and inhibitors of inflammatory process. Dental caries, periodontal disease and candidiasis are common oral infections caused by biofilms. The complex nature of biofilm formations emphasizes the importance of finding new agents that possess anti-biofilm activity, anti-caries, anti-periodontal, and antifungal activities. The aims of this study were to develop a novel mucoadhesive film containing plant-derived compound; α-mangostin (α-MG) and determine its antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: A novel mucoadhesive film containing α-MG was developed and its antimicrobial activities against Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans, and anti-biofilm formation activities were determined as well as its cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effects.(2)Results: The α-MG film demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all three oral pathogens tested. The formulation reduced growth of the microorganisms about 1-3 Log CFU/ml at 2-4 h and complete killing at 24 h. No significant difference in inhibiting biofilm formation of those three microorganisms was noted. In addition, the film containing α-MG demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of nitric oxide production in a dose-dependent manner. The formulation was safe and showed no cytotoxicity.Conclusions: We concluded that the mucoadhesive film containing α-MG is effective against common oral pathogens without significant cytotoxicity in vitro. Thus, it may have a potential role to serve as a novel oral product to prevent common oral diseases including dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral candidiasis.