The many origins of extremophile fishes

Extremophiles survive in environments that are considered uninhabitable for most living things. The evolution of extremophiles is of great interest because of how they may have contributed to the assembly of ecosystems, yet the evolutionary dynamics that drive extremophile evolution remain obscure. Here, we investigate the evolution of extremophiles in Zoarcoidea, a lineage of over 300 species of fishes that have colonized both poles, the deep sea, and hydrothermal vents. We show that a pulse of habitat invasion occurred across 23 different zoarcoid lineages within the last eight million years, far after the origin of their prototypical innovation for surviving in cold water: antifreeze protein III. Instead, a secondary burst of anatomical, physiological, and life history traits and a handful of founder-events in extreme ecosystems appear to have propelled zoarcoid diversification. These results decentralize the role of prototypical changes to organismal biology in shaping extremophile ..., , , # Data from: The many origins of extremophile fishes

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5tt](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.9kd51c5tt)

## Description of the data and file structure

Ultraconserved element data were collected from various sources, including previous studies (Ghezelayagh et al., 2022, Nature Eco Evo), mined Genbank genome assemblies, and by UCE assembly from newly extracted tissues. Trait data were collected from the literature.

### Files and variables

#### File: R\_code.zip

**Description:** R code for all analyses conducted in the paper, including BioGeoBears, phytools, and geiger analyses.

#### File: bioinformatics.zip

**Description:** txt and .xlsx files with contig % completeness for each individual. 

* contig_list.txt #contigs used
* contig_summary #completeness of each contig, including how many UCEs were sequenced

#### File: trait\_plotting.zip

**Description:** Data for trait-based analyses and ancestral state reconstruction.

* Antifreeze.csv #antifreez...,