The global occurrence records of Conyza sumatrensis were compiled after removing errors and applying a 2.5 arc-minute (~5 km) distance threshold filter before the year of 2025

The occurrence records of Conyza sumatrensis were collected from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF.org 2025), iNaturalist (iNaturalist community 2025), Atlas of Living Australia (ALA 2025), Botanical Information and Ecology Network (Maitner et al. 2018), literature records (Dong Hui 2019), and our fieldwork from the Guizhou Province of Southwest China. Due to the potential inaccuracies in occurrence records from public databases (Maldonado et al. 2015), we removed coordinate errors using the R package (version 4.4.0) ‘CoordinateCleaner’ (Zizka et al. 2019, R Core Team 2024). Specifically, we removed: (1) records of incomplete geographic coordinates, duplicate coordinates, zero coordinates, and equal latitude and longitude; (2) records of coordinates in the sea, country centroids, and province centroids; (3) records that do not align with the specified country; (4) records based on fossils, tissue samples, and living collections; (5) records before 1950, since their georeferencing are often imprecise; and (6) records with coordinate precisions of less than 1000 m. In addition, biological collections often exhibit geographic sampling biases, potentially resulting in an overrepresentation of specific environmental conditions (Boria et al. 2014, Oliveira et al. 2016, Daru et al. 2018). We spatially filtered the species occurrence data using a distance threshold of 2.5 arc-minutes (~ 5 km) to reduce spatial autocorrelation. Therefore, approximately 95.7% of the records were removed, leaving 10,510 occurrence records for analysis.