Multi-omics analysis reveals urea promoting Salix matsudana growth and facilitating soil remediation

In this manuscript, we monitored the growth of S. matsudana and measured the biomass of its various organs. Concurrently, we analyzed the rhizosphere metabolome and microbiome. The results demonstrated that urea application promotes both the growth of S. matsudana and the accumulation of heavy metals. Moreover, urea induced significant changes in the rhizosphere microbial community and metabolic profiles. Integrated metabolomic and microbiome analyses further revealed the interactive effects of urea on the metabolic processes within the rhizosphere soil and the resident microbiota. Collectively, this study employs a multi-omics approach to elucidate the mechanism by which urea enhances the growth of S. matsudana and promotes soil remediation.