Timeseries of temperature, salinity, ADCP velocity with ice track, nitrate, fluorescence, turbidity, dissolved oxygen collected from Bering Strait Moorings A2, A3, A4 in Bering Strait from 2024-09-11 to 2025-07-03 (NCEI Accession 0312788)

Bering Strait Moorings 2024-2025
This is an archive of data from moorings deployed in Bering Strait from summer 2024 and to summer 2025. Mooring deployments were funded by the NSF-Arctic Observing Network award PLR-2153942 (PIs: Woodgate and Peralta-Ferriz).
The mooring work required 2 dedicated cruises:
- in 2024 (8th - 18th Sept), a ~ 11 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 deployed the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately.
- in 2025 (2nd - 10th July), a ~ 9 day cruise on the US vessel Norseman2 recovered the moorings. Some CTD sections were run on this cruise, and those data are archived separately.
In 2024, a total of three moorings were deployed:
- two moorings (A2 and A4) in the US channel of the strait,
- one mooring (A3) at a site just north of the strait.
In what follows, mooring names include a two digit suffix to represent year of deployment.
In 2025, all three moorings were successfully recovered.
Sites A2, and A3 were established in 1990. A2 and A3 have been occupied almost continuously (all years except 96-97) since then. Site A4 was established in 2001.
Mooring location A2 is in the middle of the eastern (Alaskan side) channel.
Mooring location A3 is just north of the strait, immediately east of the
Russian-US EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) line.
Experience has shown that site A3 samples both eastern and western channel water.
Mooring location A4 is close to the Alaskan coast and allows measurement of the Alaskan Coastal Current.
For an overview of previous and on-going Bering Strait mooring work,
please see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html.
Moorings carry a variety of instruments, listed in the table below. All records are year-round, sampling hourly or more frequently (Time Int. in table below).
Data from instruments marked with * are not included in this archive.
For access to these data, please contact the named PI in list below table.
12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567
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ID Deployed Latitude Longitude Instrument S/N Time Inst. Water
in Year (N) (W) Int. Depth Depth
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A2-24 2024 65 46.83 168 34.08 ISCAT 24297 10min 16m/22m 56m
ISCAT-Logger 24 30min ... 56m
300kHz-ADCP 2234 30min 46m 56m
SBE37-ODO 24443 60min 49m 56m
FLNTUSB 7566 60min 49m 56m
SUNA 1920 60min 49m 56m
SBE37 24435 10min 50m 56m
A3-24 2024 66 19.63 168 57.06 Upper ISCAT 24425 10min 6m/23m/30m 58m
Lower ISCAT 24426 10min 15m/21m 58m
ISCAT-Logger 27 30min ... 58m
300kHz-ADCP 12845 30min 43m 58m
SBE37(IM) 24307 60min 43m 58m
SBE37-ODO 24444 60min 46m 58m
FLNTUSB 1260 60min 46m 58m
SUNA 1918 60min 46m 58m
*SOUNDTRAP 6079 - 49m 58m
A4-24 2024 65 44.76 168 15.75 ISCAT 20935 NR 16m 49m
ISCAT-Logger 03 30min ... 49m
300kHz-ADCP 13756 30min 37m 49m
SBE37 23154 10min 41m 49m
FLNTUSB 7565 60min 41m 49m
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Depths are estimated from mooring design and pressure sensors where available,
and are good to 1-2m.
NR=instrument not recovered ND=No data
Where ISCATS change recording depth when floatation is lost, all depths are given
Instruments with data included here:
ISCAT - SBE37IM in ice resistant float, telemetering data inductively to
a Logger below (system developed at APL-UW). Logger data only used if
SBE37s are not recovered.
300KHz-ADCP - 300kHz RDI/Teledyne Workhorse Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler
SBE37 Microcat - Seabird SBE 37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder
SBE37-ODO - Seabird SBE37 Temperature Salinity Pressure recorder
with SBE63 Dissolved oxygen sensor
FLNTUSB - Wetlabs Fluorescence Turbidity sensor
SUNA - Seabird SUNA V2 Nitrate sensor
Instruments with data not included here:
SBE16woptic - Seabird SBE16plus with optical data (including some or all of
fluorescence, turbidity, transmissivity and PAR) - see headers
SBE26p-BPG - Seabird SBE26plus Bottom Pressure Gauge
RCM9Turb - Aanderaa RCM9 acoustic current meter with turbidity sensor
RCM9LW - Aanderaa Lightweight RCM9 acoustic current meter
AARI-CM&CTD - Current meter and CTD from AARI (Arctic and Antarctic Research
Institute, Russia), PI: Igor Lavrenov, AARI
ISUS - ISUS Nitrate sensor, PI: Terry Whitledge, UAF
AURAL M2* - Aural Marine Mammal Acoustic Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW
APL Marine Rec* - APL Marine Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford, UW.
Soundtrap - APL Marine Mammal Recorder, PI: Kate Stafford UW.
Each data file contains the data from one instrument-year - the listed year
in the mooring name is the year in which the mooring was deployed.
For non-ADCP instruments, calibrated data are recorded in one file per instrument
per year, with naming convention:
BeringStrait_yyyy_ID_III_#####.ttt
yyyy=Deployment year; ID=mooring ID; III=instrument type; #####=serial number;
ttt=indicates calibration, with .pre=pre-deployment calibration used,
.ppp=pre and post deployment calibrations merged.
For some instruments (e.g., SBE16,37, SUNA, ADCP, raw data files and calibration
information are also included. See file listings.
For the ADCPs, there are multiple files per instrument.
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####ADCPraw.000 = Binary download from the ADCP
(see notes below for multiple .000 files)
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPdeploytests.txt = pre deployment tests
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_ADCPrecoverytest.txt = post deployment tests
The remainder are ASCII conversions of the data, corrected for clock drift
and magnetic declination.
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.btm = ASCII bottom track data
(including ice range and velocity)
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.ins = ASCII instrument data
(e.g. heading, pitch, roll, temperature)
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####_bin01.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 1
BeringStrait_yyyy__ID_#####.bin02.rdat = ASCII water velocity data in Bin 2
etc. (Bin depths are given in the data files)
Header information is included in each data file.
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For details of the measurements and their interpretation, please see:
Woodgate, R.A., K.M.Stafford and F.G.Prahl (2015) A synthesis of
year-round interdisciplinary mooring measurements in the Bering
Strait (1990-2014) and the RUSALCA years (2004-2011), Oceanography
28(3):46-67, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2015.57
and
Woodgate, R.A., 2018, Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic
from 1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving
mechanisms from year-round Bering Strait mooring data,
Progress in Oceanography, 160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007.
Please use both 2015 and 2018 citations for these data.
For an overview of cruises and project, please see:
http://psc.apl.washington.edu/BeringStrait.html
For relevant papers, please see:
Roach, A.T., K. Aagaard, C. H. Pease, S.A. Salo, T. Weingartner, V. Pavlov,
and M. Kulakov (1995) Direct measurements of transport and water properties
through Bering Strait, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18,443-18,457.
Woodgate, R.A., and K. Aagaard (2005) Revising the Bering Strait freshwater
flux into the Arctic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L02602,
doi:10.1029/2004GL021747.
Woodgate, R.A., K. Aagaard, and T. Weingartner (2005) Monthly temperature,
salinity, and transport variability of the Bering Strait throughflow,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, No. 4, L04601, doi:10.1029/2004GL021880.
Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2005) A year in the
physical oceanography of the Chukchi Sea: Moored measurements from autumn
1990-1991,Deep-Sea Res., Part II, 52, 3116-3149,
doi: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.016.
Woodgate, R. A., K. Aagaard, and T. J. Weingartner (2006) Interannual changes
in the Bering Strait fluxes of volume, heat and freshwater between 1991
and 2004, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L15609, doi:10.1029/2006GL026931.
Woodgate, R. A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2010), The 2007 Bering
Strait oceanic heat flux and anomalous Arctic sea-ice retreat,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L01602, doi:10.1029/2009GL041621.
Woodgate, R.A., T. Weingartner, and R. Lindsay (2012), Observed increases
in Bering Strait oceanic fluxes from the Pacific to the Arctic from
2001 to 2011 and their impacts on the Arctic Ocean water column,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L24603, doi:10.1029/2012GL054092.
Woodgate, R.A., (2018), Increases in the Pacific inflow to the Arctic from
1990 to 2015, and insights into seasonal trends and driving mechanisms
from year-round Bering Strait mooring data, Progress in Oceanography,
160, 124-154, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.007.
Woodgate, R.A., and C.Peralta-Ferriz, (2021), Warming and Freshening of the
Pacific Inflow to the Arctic from 1990-2019 implying dramatic shoaling
in Pacific Winter Water ventilation of the Arctic water column,
Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2021GL092528
Woodgate, R.A., C.Peralta-Ferriz and L.Jensen, (submitted 2025),
Pacific-to-Arctic oceanic nitrate fluxes: First Bering Strait overwinter
nitrate time-series (2022-2024) show winter replenishment and suggest
decadal flux increase, submitted to Geophysical Research Letters.
All papers are available at our website.
For queries, please contact:
Rebecca Woodgate [e-mail] [phone]
Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington
1013 NE 40th, Seattle, WA 98105-6698 USA