Relative mRNA abundances (delta CT, log2) of genes analyzed in liver biopsies in week 1 p.p., and before (week 0) and after (week 3) feed restriction in mid-lactation.

Changes over time within the groups are marked with superscripts (A and B for the control group (CON); a and b for the feed-restricted group (RES); P Hepatic mRNA expression was analyzed in week 1 p.p., week 0 and week 3. Data are presented as means ± standard error of the mean. Abbreviations: ABCA1: ATP-binding cassette transporter A1; ABCG1: ATP-binding cassette transporter G1; CON: control cows; DIM: days in milk; HMGCR: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase; HMGCS1: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase 1; LXRα: liver X receptor α; MTTP: microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; NEB: negative energy balance; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ; RES: feed-restricted cows; SREBF-1: sterol regulatory element-binding factor 1; SBREF-2: sterol regulatory element-binding factor 2.Relative mRNA abundances (delta CT, log2) of genes analyzed in liver biopsies in week 1 p.p., and before (week 0) and after (week 3) feed restriction in mid-lactation.