[IO Islamic 876] كلّيّات سعدى

Kulliyyây-i-Sa’dî.

This manuscript is now IO Islamic 1117 in the India Office collections.

[metadata: Hermann Ethé, Catalogue of Persian Manuscripts in the Library of the India Office, 2 vols. (Oxford: India Office, 1903): volume 1, number 876 here with notations and hyperlinks].

Sa’dî (Nos. 1117-1185).

1117

Kulliyyây-i-Sa’dî (كلّيّات سعدى).

The oldest copy extant (transcribed directly from the author’s autograph: منقول من خطّ الشيخ العارف .... السّعدى, see fol. 310a) of the complete works of the greatest didactic poet of Persia, Sa’dî, whose original name seems to have been Musharrif-aldîn bin Muṣliḥ-aldîn (so it appears in the colophon of the خواتيم of the present copy, fol. 310a: مشرّف بن مصلح السّعدى ; others call him Sharaf-aldîn Muṣliḥ bin ‘Abdallâh; see, for instance, Haft Iḳlîm, No. 191, col. 392, in this Cat.) of Shîrâz, who was probably born about A.H. 580 (A.D. 1184), and died at the age of 110 lunar years, A.H. 690 (A.D. 1291); a slightly later date of his death, viz. A.H. 691 (A.D. 1292), is given by Daulatshâh, Jâmî, the Butkhâna (Bodleian Cat., col. 199, No. 29), the Mirât-alkhayâl (ib., col. 208, No. 27), the Âtashkadah, in one of the Bodleian copies (ib., col. 284, No. 656), the Khulâṣat-alkalâm (ib., coll. 297 and 298 No. 34), the Khulâṣat-alafkâr (ib., col. 306, No. 121), etc.; comp. on his life and works, Bodleian Cat., Nos. 681-748; Rieu ii. p. 595 sq.; W. Pertsch, p. 88 sq., and Berlin Cat., pp. 800-826; A. Sprenger, Catal., p. 545 sq.; G. Flügel i. p. 527 sq.; Cat. des MSS. et Xylographes, p. 337 sq.; Rosen, Persian MSS., pp. 175-202; J. Aumer, p. 16 sq.; Ouseley, Biogr. Notices, p. 5 sq.; Wiener Jahrbücher, vol. 64, Anzeigeblatt, p. 5 sq.; and especially Cholmogorov, in the ‘Gelehrte Denkschriften der Kasaner Universität,’ 1865, p. 525 sq., and 1867 (reprinted Kasan, 1867), and Dr. W. Bacher, Sa’dî-Studien, in Zeitschrift der D.M. G., vol. 30, pp. 81-106, and Sa’dî’s Aphorismen und Sinngedichte, Strassburg, 1879 (with Fleischer’s critical remarks in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 34, pp. 389-402); comp. also F. Néve, Le poëte Sadi, Louvain, 1881, and Ethé, Die mystische, didaktische und lyrische Poesie etc. der Perser, Hamburg, 1888, pp. 31-37; editions of the Kulliyyât ( printed or lithorgraphed), Calcutta, 1791-1795, by Mr. J. H. Harington, 2 vols.; Bombay, A.H. 1226, 1267, 1280 etc.; Dihlî, A.H. 1269; Cawnpore, A.H. 1280; Lucknow, A.H. 1287; Tabrîz, A.H. 1257 and 1264; Ṭahrân, A.H. 1263 and 1268, etc. The present copy, which is dated the first of Rajab, A.H. 728 (A.D. 1328, May 12), and is consequently fifty-nine years older than the oldest hitherto known (viz. No. 361 in the Imperial Library of St. Petersburg), is unfortunately defective in several places, and contains only the following items:

1. An Arabic ḳaṣîdah, rhyming in م, on fol. 1b; the beginning is wanting, as the first leaf is almost entirely torn away; the first complete bait, on fol. 2a, runs thus:

جلّت مناقبه عزّت مناصبه – فاحت مطايبه فى الحلّ و الحرم

2. The second risâlah, containing the five homilies, in five majlis, beginning, on fol. 2a, with the first majlis thus: خبرست از آن مقتداى زمرۀ حقیقت و أن پيشواى لشكر طريقت و آن نگين خاتم جلال الخ. The second majlis, on fol. 4a; the third, on fol. 6b; the fourth, on fol. 8a; the fifth, on fol. 10b; the usual introductory ḳaṣîdah of other copies (see, for instance, No. 1121 in this Cat., fol. 5b margin-column) is omitted here; it opens at once with the prose-text. The third and the fourth majlis have been edited with translation and commentary by M. Guedemann, [Moslih-ed-dini sa'dii consessuum tertius et quartus], Breslau, 1858; the fifth has been translated by J[ames] Ross, Bombay Transactions, i. pp. 146-158.

3. Bûstân (بوستان), on fol. 15b, beginning: (بنام خداوند جان آفرين الخ. Ff. 102b and 103a are left blank, but the text seems to be uninterrupted. This mathnawî is styled here (as, for instance, in one of the Vienna copies, G. Flügel i. p. 530; in Ouseley Add. 39 of the Bodleian Library, Bodleian Cat., col. 527, and in the next copy here, comp. Rosen, Persian MSS., pp. 183 and 185, and Bacher, Sa’dî-Studien, p. 86, note 5), both in the heading and the colophon, سعدى نامه. Among the numerous text-editions (printed or lithographed) may be mentioned: Calcutta, 1810 and 1828, also 1870 (selection entitled عقد منظوم), etc.; Cawnpore, 1832, 1856 (with commentary, reprinted 1879), 1868, 1887, and 1888 (partly with a farhang or glossary); Lucknow, A.H. 1262, 1263 , 1265, 1279, and 1869; Hooghly, A.H. 1264; Lahore, 1863 and 1879; Dihlî, 1882; Tabrîz, A.H. 1285; see also Zenker i. 520 sq.; ii. 467 sq. Best critical edition, with Persian commentary, by K. H. Graf, Vienna, 1850; another, photographed from a MS. prepared under the superintendence of J.T. Platts, annotated and edited by A. Rogers, London, 1891. Translations: into German, by K. H. Graf, Jena, 1850; by Schlechta-Wssehrd, Vienna, 1852; and by Fr. Rückert, Leipzig, 1882; into French, by Barbier de Meynard, Paris, 1880; into English, by H. Wilberforce Clarke, London, 1879, and by G.S. Davie, M.D., styled; ‘The Garden of Fragrance,’ London, 1882; selections in English (styled ‘Flowers from the Bústán’), Calcutta, 1877, and in S. Robinson’s ‘Persian Poetry for English Readers,’ 1883. A Turkish translation has been printed in Constantinople in 2 vols., A.H. 1288 (1871). The Bûstân was completed by Sa’dî, A.H. 655 (A.D. 1257).

4. Gulistân (گلستان), on fol. 105b, beginning: منّت خدايرا عزّ و جلّ كه طاعتش موجب قربتست الخ. Among the innumerable text-editions, which, especially in India, follow each other incessantly, may be pointed out: Calcutta, 1806 (Persian and English, by Fr. Gladwin, 2 vols.; reprinted, London, 1809), 1828, and 1851 (by A. Sprenger, one of the best editions), also 1861 (school-edition); Bombay, A.H. 1249 (with illustrations) and 1844; Lucknow, A.H. 1264, 1284 (several editions, some with Urdû translation), 1297 (with marginal notes), and 1882; Lahore, 1870; Dihlî, 1870; Cawnpore, 1887; Tabrîz, about , about 1821; Bûlâḳ, A.H. 1249 and 1281; Cairo, A.H. 1261; Constantinople, 1876; Best European editions, by E. B. Eastwick (with vocabulary), Hertford, 1850; by Johnson (also with vocabulary), Hertford, 1863, and by J. T. Platts, London, 1874; comp. also Zenker i. 520 sq. and ii. 467 sq. Translation: into French, by A. du Ryer, 1634; by d’Alégre, 1704; by Gaudin, 1789; by Semelet (Le Parterre de Fleurs), Paris, 1828 (lithographed), and by C. Defrémery, Paris, 1858: into Latin, by Gentius (Rosarium Politicum etc.), 1651, second ed., 1655: into German, by Adam Olearius (Persianischer Rosenthal), Schlesswig, 1654, New editition, 1660 etc.; by B. Dorn (Drei Lustgänge aus Sa’dî’s Rosenhain), Hamburg, 1827; by Ph. Wolff, Stuttgart, 1841; and by K. H. Graf, Leipzig, 1846: into English, by Fr. Gladwin, Calcutta, 1806 (see above under ‘editions’), and London, 1833; by Dumoulin, 1807; by James Ross, [Flower Garden], London, 1823, new ed., 1890; by E. B. Eastwick, Hertford, 1852, new ed., London 1880; by J. T. Platts, London, 1873; and an English version, privately printed by the Kama Shastra Society, Benares, 1888; select portions also in S. Robinson’s ‘Persian Poetry for English Readers,' 1883: into Russian, by S. Nasarianz, Moscow, 1857: into Polish, by [Samuel] Otwinowski, edited by [Igancy] Janicki, [Perska księga] Warsaw, 1879: into Arabic, Bûlâḳ, A.H. 1263: into Turkish, Constantinople, 1874 (with Persian text) and 1876 (three different versions), also with Sûdî’s translation and commentary, A.H. 1286 and 1293: into Hindûstânî, by Mîr Shîr ‘Alî Afsûs, made under the direction of Dr. John Gilchrist, and entitled, ‘The Rose Garden of Hindostan, ‘Calcutta, 1802; and by Niżâm-aldîn, Poona, 1855: into Hindî, by Mihr Chand Dás, Dihlî, 1889, etc. etc. The Gulistân was completed by Sa’dî, A.H. 656 (A.D. 1258).

5. Ṭayyibât (طيّبات), or pleasant ghazals, incomplete at the beginning; they open abruptly, on fol. 157a, in the middle of a poem rhyming in ى, thus:

ماه رويا مهربانى پيش كن – خوب روئى را بايد زيورى

(corresponding to No. 1121 in this Cat., fol. 310a, l. 8). Fourteen of these ghazals have been edited and translated by K. H. Graf in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 13, pp. 445-467.

6. Badâ’i’(بدائع), or ornate ghazals, on fol. 224b, beginning: الحمد لله ربّ العالمين على الخ. Ten of these ghazals have been edited and translated by K. H. Graf in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 15, pp. 541-554.

7. Khawâtîm (خواتيم), or signets, i.e. precious ghazals, on fol. 275b, beginning:يا رب از ما چه فلاح آید اگر تو نپذيرى الخ (corresponding to the initial bait of the same part in No. 782 of the Berlin Cat., p. 805, and to the beginning of the fifty-seventh or last ghazal of No. 45 in Rosen, Persian MSS., p. 195, note 5; in the Calcutta edition this pom is wanting). Seven of these ghazals have been edited and translated by K.H. Graf in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 15, pp. 554-564.

8. Ḳaṣâ’id-i-fârsiyyah ( قصائد فارسيّه), or Persian ḳaṣîdas, on fol. 310b, beginning:

شكر و سپاس و متّت و عزّت خدايرا

پروردگار خلق و خداوند كبريا

Nineteen of these ḳaṣîdas have been edited and translated by K.H. Graf in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 9, pp. 92-135, and vol. 12, pp. 82-116.

9. Marâthî (مراثى), or elegies, on fol. 332b, beginning:

آسمانرا حق بود گر خون بگرید ( بريزد copies other) برزمين بر زوال ملك مستعصم امير المؤمنين

(corresponding to the initial bait of the same part in No. 682 in the Bodleian Cat., col. 529, and No. 783 in the Berlin Cat., p. 807; see No. 1121 in this Cat., fol. 194b, l. 1 sq.). Some select elegies have been edited and published by K.H. Graf in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 15, pp. 564-576; the first half of this initial poem is found there on p. 572 sq. There is a lacuna after fol. 332, and the continuation of this part is found on ff. 337 and 338a, so that the whole collection here consists of two defective poems and one complete poem only, viz. the elegy on the death of Amir ‘Izz-aldîn Aḥmad; but on ff. 335b and 336a a second complete elegy is found which has by mistake been included in the مثلّثات, see further below, viz. the farewell to Ramaḍân ( فى وداع شهر رمضان), comp. Graf, loc. cit., p. 574, where it is given in full text and translation.

10. Mulamma’ât ( ملمّعات), or poems with alternate Arabic and Persian verses, on ff. 338b, 333, and 334a, beginning, on fol. 338b: انّ هوى النّفس يقد العقال الخ ( corresponding to the Calcutta ed., fol. ٢٥٢ , see Bodleian Cat., col. 529, No. 15).

11. Muthallathât (مثلّثات), or one poem in three languages (Arabic, Persian, and Turkish), which usually forms the last part of the preceding collection, the ملمّعات ( see Bacher, Sa’dî-Studien, p. 88), on ff. 334b-335b, beginning: و اصلح الخ (other copies انجى) خليلى الهدى انجا.

12. Ḳaṣâ’id-i-’arabiyyah (قصائد عربيّه), or Arabic ḳaṣîdas, on ff. 336b and 339a-345b, beginning, on fol. 336b: حسبت لحفى (!) المدامع لا تحرى ( تجرى) الخ (Calcutta edition, fol. ٢٠٥). Between this and the following part there is inserted a Persian ghazal, rhyming in د, on fol. 346a, headed: فى المناجات و التضرعّ الى الله تعالى, and beginning: خداوندى چنین بخشنده داريم الخ. This ghazal is found in Calcutta edition (fol. ٣٢٨b) and in that of Cawnpore (p.72) among the طيّبات, whereas in No. 782 of the Berlin Cat., p. 805, it is the initial poem of the غزليّات قديم or early ghazals (which are entirely wanting in the present copy.)

13. Tarji’ât (ترجيعات), or refrain poems, on fol. 346b, beginning:

اى سرو بلند قامت دوست

وه وه كه جمائلت چه نیکوست

(corresponding to the ترجيع بند in No. 683 in the Bodleian Cat., col. 530, No. 14). The usual beginning of this part, اى زلف تو الخ, is found here, on fol. 349a, l. 9. There is a lacuna after the last page, fol. 351b.

14. Muḳaṭṭa’ât ( مقطّعات), or ghazals, without the initial bait, on fol. 352b, beginning:

گویند سعدیا بچه بطّال ماندۀ

سختى مبر كه وجه كفافت معيّنست

(corresponding to the initial bait of the same part in Elliott 220, fol. 399a, Bodleian Cat., col. 534, No. 19; and in No. 782 of the Berlin Cat., p. 805).

15. Majlis-i-Hazl (مجلس هزل), or the jocose meeting, a parody on the homilies in the second risâlah (see No. 2 in this copy), and sometime called the seventh risâlah (see, for instance, Bodleian Cat., col. 530 , No. 7; comp. Bacher, Sa’dî-Studien, p. 86); in some copies this part is styled هزليّات (see , for instance, Bodleian Cat., col. 528, No. 18), in others it is added to the following part, No. 16 (so in the Calcutta edition, ff. ٤٧٥-٤٨٠).

It is divided into three special sittings (مجلس), the first beginning here, on fol. 356b (quite differently from all other copies), thus: الحمد لله الذى جعل الحائك ذليلا و لحية طويلا الخ. The second مجلس begins, on fol. 357b, with exactly the same words; the third has no special heading.

16. Muṭâyabât (مطايبات), or jests, also called خبيثات, or obscene poems ( see Bacher, Sa’dî-Studien, p. 93), on fol. 360b, beginning with a short preface in prose:

قال السّعدى الزمنى بعض ابناء الملوك أنْ اصنف له كتابا فى اللغو على الطريق السوزنىّ الخ. The first poem begins: خوش بود عيش با شكر دهنى الخ.

17. Rubâ’iyyât (رباعيّات), or quatrains, on fol. 366b, beginning: يرلغ بده اى خسرو خوبان جهان الخ. The usual initial poem هر ساعتم اندرون الخ is not found in this collection at all, which is, moreover without alphabetical arrangement.

18. Mufradât (مفردات), or detached distiches, on fol. 373b, beginning: بشكر آنك تو در خانۀ و اهلت پیش الخ. A few of the rubâ’iyyât and mufradât have been edited and translated by K.H. Graf in Zeitschrift der D.M.G., vol. 18, pp. 570-572. The Mufradât (or Fardiyyât) have been edited by Latouche (Zenker ii. 484).

There are wanting in this oldest copy of the Kulliyyât of Sa’dî: 1.Risâlas 1 and 3-6; 2. The early ghazals (غزليّات قديم), see above, No. 12; 3. The famous epigrammatic poems, dedicated to the Ṣâḥib-dîwân (صاحبيّه); and 4. The comic pieces in prose (مضحكات).

The name of the copyist is Abûbakr bin ‘Alî bin Muḥammad; the date, as stated above, A.H. 728, first of Rajab; a former owner was Sir Harford Jones, who presented this copy to the Library, and whose seal and signature (as Mr. Harford Jones, مستر هرفرد جنس), with the date, A.H. 1202 (A.D. 1787, 1788), appear on fol. 373a.

No. 876, ff. 377, ll.24; excellent old Naskhî; small illuminated headings at the beginning of each part; size, 101/8 in. by 6 in.

[ed note: Quick link to other manuscripts of the Kulliyāt]