al-ʿUlā Oasis Agriculture: Agronomic Survey Dataset (Saudi Arabia, 2019–2024)

al-ʿUlā Oasis Agriculture: Agronomic Survey Dataset (Saudi Arabia, 2019–2024) compiles plot- and farm-level observations on oasis agriculture and livestock collected within the al-ʿUlā Anthropological Survey Project (2019-2024). It documents cropping systems under date palms and associated perennials (citrus and other fruit trees), annual crops (forage, vegetables, cereals), irrigation organization, planting arrangements, management practices, and livestock systems (camel and small-ruminant management, housing and watering, feeding, reproduction, and marketing). To ensure representativeness, we employed a stratified random sampling strategy constrained to cover the three identified palm-grove types (Old, Modern, New). In total, 130 production units were visited, of which 110 provided complete, analyzable records for statistical treatment. Designed to enable comparative analyses of oasis agro-ecosystems, the dataset underpins the typology of production systems presented in the companion report on al-ʿUlā. This dataset supplements a report both in French and English, available on Zenodo: Cultivating the Desert: Agronomic and Social Analysis of the Farming Systems in the Oasis of al-ʿUlā, Saudi Arabia, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17107562 Cultiver le désert : Analyse agronomique et sociale des systèmes de culture de l’oasis d’al-‘Ulā en Arabie saoudite, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17011835