Seawater carbonate chemistry and the impacts of low-pH priming on Manila clam broodstock and its impacts on broodstock physiology and larval outcomes

Here, we examined the impacts of low-pH priming on Manila clam broodstock and its impacts on broodstock physiology and larval outcomes. Measures of broodstock and larval phenotype were selected that would reveal how low pH impacts both generations and the transmission of environmental information between generations. In broodstock, we assessed energy metabolism and reproductive conditioning. Larval clams were reared in both ambient and low pH conditions to determine the impacts of priming on survival, growth, and shell formation. Based on different larval phenotypes resulting from the two broodstock pH conditions, we investigated the impact of maternal effects via egg lipidomes and maternal RNA.