Clinical characteristics of EP and PD patients.

Levodopa treatment indicates the dose in mg of levodopa or equivalent of dopamine agonist per day (0.7 mg pramipexole = 100 mg levodopa; 5 mg ropinirole = 100 mg levodopa). Patients treated with levodopa were examined in the “on” condition. The Park2 gene was evaluated for mutation if the age at disease onset was less than 40 years. Pat: patient number; EP: ephedrone parkinsonism; PD: Parkinson's disease; Age: age at examination in years; F: female; M: male; DD: disease duration; NNIPPS: neuroprotection and natural history in Parkinson plus syndromes; OM score: oculomotor score; MDS-UPDRS: movement disorder society-sponsored revision of the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale; H&Y: Hoehn and Yahr scale; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.