This paper addresses the critical challenge of tire-road contact dynamics in intelligent transportation systems, particularly for Level 4 autonomous driving. Traditional empirical models fail to accur
Optical links supported by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) must sustain gigabit-class throughput despite atmospheric attenuation, turbulence, and platform-induced pointing errors. Single-technology d
Existing discrete element studies on wheat predominantly utilize simplified models, which fail to accurately characterize differences in fracture behavior resulting from the anisotropic structure of w
This paper addresses the critical challenge of tire-road contact dynamics in intelligent transportation systems, particularly for Level 4 autonomous driving. Traditional empirical models fail to accur