PRAGMATIC MODELS OF THE IDEAL SOCIETY CONCEPT IN CONTEMPORARY POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY

This study is devoted to the analysis of pragmatic models of the concept of an ideal society in contemporary political philosophy, focusing on theoretical approaches formed on the basis of real political institutions and social mechanisms, in contrast to utopian representations. The research provides a comparative analysis of the major theoretical directions developed in twentieth- and twenty-first-century political philosophy, including liberal theories of justice, the concept of communicative democracy, the model of civil society, and the theory of the welfare state. These theories interpret the idea of an ideal society not as a model of absolute perfection but as a pragmatic institutional system aimed at ensuring social justice, political legitimacy, and democratic governance. The findings demonstrate that in contemporary political philosophy, the concept of an ideal society functions as an important normative framework for evaluating and improving real political institutions.