Effect of dsHaHMGR on fecundity, larval production and number of spermatophores in Helicoverpa armigera.

Two-day-old female pupae were treated with 1 µg of HaHMGR double-stranded RNA (dsHaHMGR) or enhanced green fluorescent protein double-stranded RNA (dsEGFP) (negative control). One female treated with dsRNA (dsHaHMGR or dsEGFP) was paired with an untreated male in a small cage (N = 30). Values are expressed in absolute terms as a percentage or as the mean ± SD. Values with the same letter are not significantly different at the P>0.05 level (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test).