Prevalence of the 22 behaviors which met criteria for traditions across the five sites.

C = customary; H = habitual; P = present; A = absent; E = ecological explanation; + = behavior occurs but detailed information was not collected.†For full explanation of behaviors see Table S1 in supporting information.*play on the ground was observed with capuchin monkeys.BCI = Barro Colorado Island, Panama; CV = Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica; SR = Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica; RC = Runaway Creek Nature Reserve, Belize; PL = Punta Laguna Reserve, Mexico.