Critically ill and fatal cases with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) treated with intravenous peramivir in California, April 2009–August 2010.

NOTE. Data are no. (%) of case patients, unless otherwise indicated. ACIP: Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, BMI: body mass index, ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, N/A: Not Applicable, ICU: intensive care unit, ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.1Defined as cases who received at least one dose.2Comparing fatal and non-fatal peramivir recipients.3Includes case patients with known information only.4Conditions listed are not mutually exclusive because of the presence in some patients of multiple underlying chronic diseases.5Includes coronary arterial disease, congestive heart failure, congenital heart disease, arrythmia, and other/unknown cardiac disease.6Includes asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or other chronic pulmonary disease.7Includes diabetes, renal disease, chronic renal insufficiency, end-stage renal disease, hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, hypothyroidism, or other metabolic diseases.8Includes seizure disorder, cerebral palsy/developmental delay, or other neurological disorders.9Includes immunosuppressive drugs, cancer, chemotherapy, leukemia, systemic lupus erythematosus, transplant, or other immunosuppressive conditions.10Obesity only counted if body mass index data are available and age ≥20 years.11Includes Staphylococcus aureus of all susceptibility patterns, group A Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, gram-negative rods, and other bacteria.12Defined as a case who received at least one dose of peramivir and at least one dose of oseltamivir (75 mg).13Defined as a case who received at least one dose of peramivir and one double dose of oseltamivir (150 mg).14Five cases were treated with peramivir plus two or more other antiviral drugs including amantadine and ribavirin (1), oseltamivir and amantadine (1), oseltamivir and zanamivir inhaled (1), and oseltamivir and rimantadine (2).*Ten peramivir recipients were