Measuring Occupational Closure

How are employee’s risk of being temporary employed linked to occupational closure? Stefan Stuth (2017) derived various measures for occupational closure to answer this question. The data set includes these measures for different Dictionaries of occupational titles in Germany for the years 2000, 2004, and 2007 (KldB 1992 with 4 digits, KldB 1992 with 3 digits, KldB 2010 with 5 digits). The closure measures provided by the data are: <br> 1) Credentialism. Stuth calculates a "credential inflation index (CIX)" which relates the number of all newly awarded occupation-specific credentials to the number of employees in the respective occupation. <br> 2) Standardization. This measure indicates whether credentials are standardized on the school/university level, the level of states or on the federal level. <br> 3) Licensure. The indicator measures the licensure of tasks. <br> 4) Title protection. The indicator measures the legal protection of occupational titles. <br> 5) Occupational specificity. The measure indicates whether occupational incumbents performing highly specialized tasks or whether they are generalist and do a wide range of tasks. <br> 6) Task-niches. The measure indicates whether occupational incumbents performing tasks that are only rarely performed by members from other occupations or whether they are doing tasks that are common for most occupations. <br> 7) Occupational associations. This indicator states whether occupations are represented by associations that lobby on the behalf of their members. <br> 8) Occupation-specific trade unions. The measure indicates whether occupational unions like the train-driver association (GDL) have the right to collective bargain on behalf of the occupational incumbents within firms. <br> Some control variables are also included. How are employee’s risk of being temporary employed linked to occupational closure? Stefan Stuth (2017) derived various measures for occupational closure to answer this question. The data set includes these measures for different Dictionaries of occupational titles in Germany for the years 2000, 2004, and 2007 (KldB 1992 with 4 digits, KldB 1992 with 3 digits, KldB 2010 with 5 digits). The closure measures provided by the data are: <br> 1) Credentialism. Stuth calculates a "credential inflation index (CIX)" which relates the number of all newly awarded occupation-specific credentials to the number of employees in the respective occupation. <br> 2) Standardization. This measure indicates whether credentials are standardized on the school/university level, the level of states or on the federal level. <br> 3) Licensure. The indicator measures the licensure of tasks. <br> 4) Title protection. The indicator measures the legal protection of occupational titles. <br> 5) Occupational specificity. The measure indicates whether occupational incumbents performing highly specialized tasks or whether they are generalist and do a wide range of tasks. <br> 6) Task-niches. The measure indicates whether occupational incumbents performing tasks that are only rarely performed by members from other occupations or whether they are doing tasks that are common for most occupations. <br> 7) Occupational associations. This indicator states whether occupations are represented by associations that lobby on the behalf of their members. <br> 8) Occupation-specific trade unions. The measure indicates whether occupational unions like the train-driver association (GDL) have the right to collective bargain on behalf of the occupational incumbents within firms. <br> Some control variables are also included.