Warming decreases host survival with multiple parasitoids, but parasitoid performance also decreases

README ############## ## DATASETS ## ############## ### data_FR.csv ### Daily recording of emerges from Experiment 1 - Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial - Heggs: aimed initial host density per vial (5, 10,15, 25, 50 or 100) - Block: from 1 to 8 (same as replicate) - T: temperature treatment (23°C or 27°C) - Hsp: host species (BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans) - Psp: parasitoid species (C = controls, A = Asobara sp., L = Leptopilina sp., G = Ganaspis sp.) - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8) - H_P: H = host and P = parasitoid - sp: species name (abbreviations: Asb = Asobara sp., Lept = Leptopilina sp., Gana = Ganaspis sp., BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans) - sex: M = male and F = female (for parasitoids only, NA for hosts) - column 6 to 46: number of emerges from day 6 to day 46 from the start of the experiment (when eggs were placed in vials) -> emerges where checked daily ### data_C.BM.csv ### Measurements of host body mass in controls from Experiment 1 - Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial - Heggs: initial host density (here 50 only) - Block: from 1 to 8 (same as replicate) - T: temperature treatment (23°C or 27°C) - Hsp: host species (BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans) - Psp: parasitoid species (C = controls: no parasitoids) - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8) - H_P: H = host - column 1 to 10: individual host body mass (in µg): 10 host were weighted per vial when possible - BM: mean host body mass from this vial (in µg) - BM_N: number of hosts weighted from this vial ### data_FR.P.BM.csv ### Measurements of parasitoid body mass from Experiment 1 - Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial - Heggs: initial host density (here 50 only) - Block: from 1 to 8 (same as replicate) - T: temperature treatment (23°C or 27°C) - Hsp: host species (BIR = D. birchii, PAL = D. pallidifrons, SIM = D. simulans) - Psp: parasitoid species (Asb = Asobara sp., Lept = Leptopilina sp., Gana = Ganaspis sp.) - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8) - H_P: P = parasitoid - column 1 to 10: individual parasitoid body mass (in µg): 10 parasitoids were weighted per vial when possible - BM: mean parasitoid body mass from this vial (in µg) - BM_N: number of parasitoids weighted from this vial ### data_MPEexp2.csv ### Daily recording of emerges from Experiment 2 - Vial.ID: unique name for each experimental vial - Heggs: initial host density (here 50 only) - Block: from 1 to 2 - T: temperature treatment (23°C or 27°C) - Hsp: host species (here only D. simulans) - Treat: H1P1 = one host and one parasitoid species, H1P2 = one host and 2 parasitoid species (always two parasitoid individuals) - Pcomb: parasitoid assemblage (abbreviations: A = Asobara sp., L = Leptopilina sp., G = Ganaspis sp.) - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 8) - H_P: H = host and P = parasitoid - sp: species name (abbreviations: Asb = Asobara sp., Lept = Leptopilina sp., Gana = Ganaspis sp., SIM = D. simulans) - sex: M = male and F = female - column 7 to 40: number of emerges from day 7 to day 40 from the start of the experiment (when eggs were placed in vials) -> emerges where checked daily ### data_MPEexp3.csv ### Data from dissections from Experiment 3 - T: temperature treatment (23°C or 27°C) - Pcomb: parasitoid assemblage (abbreviations: A: Asobara sp., and G: Ganaspis sp.) - Block: from 1 to 2 (different than Experiment 1 and 2) - Rep: replicate (from 1 to 12) - Observer: name of the observer - Dissection: time of dissection (early or late) - Day_infection: number of days between initialization of the vial and the dissection - H_number: larvae ID from the vial (from 1 to 10 for each vial) - Larvae_pupae: if the host dissected was at the larval or pupal stage (we aimed to dissected larvae but it was not always possible) - ASB_egg: number of Asobara sp. eggs - ASB_larvae: number of Asobara sp. larvae - ASB_melanized: number of Asobara sp. melanized eggs - GANA_egg: number of Ganaspis sp. eggs - GANA_larvae: number of Ganaspis sp. larvae - GANA_melanized: number of Ganaspis sp. melanized eggs - NA_melanized: number of melanized eggs not identified to species level - Melanization_trace: if presence (y) or not (na) of other trace of melanization - Melanization_eggs: presence (y) or not (n) of melanized eggs - P_larvae: total number of parasitoid larvae - P_eggs: total number of parasitoid eggs - TOT_ASB: total number of Asobara sp. - TOT_GANA: total number of Ganaspis sp. - TOT_P: total number of parasitoids - TOT_Melanized: total number of melanized eggs - Melanization: presence (y) or not (n) of melanization (either melanized eggs or trace of melanization) - Super_ASB: presence (y) or not (n) of multiple Asobara sp. - Super_GANA: presence (y) or not (n) of multiple Ganaspis sp. - Superparasitism: presence (y) or not (n) of superparasitism - Multiparasitism: presence (y) or not (n) of multiparasitism - Sup_Mult: presence (y) or not (n) of either super- or multiparasitism - ASB: presence (y) or not (n) of Asobara sp. - GANA: presence (y) or not (n) of Ganaspis sp. - Parasitized: presence (y) or not (n) of parasitism ############### ## R scripts ## ############### ### MPE0_data-cleaning.R ### R script to import, clean and modify the datasets --> save the data needed for analyses in "MPE_data.RData" ### MPE1_FRfit.R ### R script to fit parasitoid functional responses --> save the results in "data.FRfitSIM.csv" --> save the data needed for analyses in "MPE_data_FR.RData" ### MPE2_analyses1.R ### R script to analyze data from Experiment 2 using the method proposed in McCoy et al. (2012). Emergent effects of multiple predators on prey survival: the importance of depletion and the functional response. Ecology letters, 15(12), 1449-1456. ### MPE3_analyses2_exp2.R ### R script to analyze data from Experiment 2 ### MPE4_analyses3_exp3.R ### R script to analyze data from Experiment 3