Table_3_lncRNA OSTN-AS1 May Represent a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Marker for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Based on Integrated Analysis of a ceRNA Network.docx

The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks are an effective method for investigating cancer; however, construction of ceRNA networks among different subtypes of breast cancer has not been previously performed. Based on analysis of differentially expressed RNAs between 150 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues and 823 non–triple-negative breast cancer (nTNBC) tissues downloaded from TCGA database, a ceRNA network was constructed based on database comparisons using Cytoscape. Survival analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve data were combined to screen out prognostic candidate genes, which were subsequently analyzed using co-expressed functionally related analysis, Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) pathway-related analysis, and immune infiltration and tumor mutational burden immune-related analysis. A total of 190 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), 48 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), and 13 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) were included in the ceRNA network between TNBC and nTNBC subtypes. Gene ontology analysis of mRNAs coexpressed with prognostic candidate lncRNAs (AC104472.1, PSORS1C3, DSCR9, OSTN-AS1, AC012074.1, AC005035.1, SIAH2-AS1, and ERVMER61-1) were utilized for functional prediction. Consequently, OSTN-AS1 was primarily related to immunologic function, for instance, immune cell infiltration and immune-related markers coexpression. The GSVA deviation degree was increased with OSTN increased expression. In addition, many important immune molecules, such as PDCD1 and CTLA-4, were strongly correlated in terms of their quantitative expression. Competing endogenous RNA networks may identify candidate therapeutic targets and potential prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer. In particular, OSTN-AS1 serves as a novel immune-related molecule and could be involved in immunotherapy efforts in the future.