Deciphering the Role of IGFBP5 in Delaying Fibrosis and Sarcopenia in Aging Skeletal Muscle

D-galactose (D-gal) is a widely used chemical to induce cellular senescence. Cells undergoing senescence induced by D-gal exhibit mitochondrial structural damage and a decline in energy metabolism, which are highly related to cellular aging Studies have confirmed that D-gal can induce senescence, fibrosis, and redox imbalance in skeletal muscle fibroblasts. Our results confirm that D-galactose effectively induces cellular senescence and skeletal muscle fibrosis in both cellular and animal models. The increase in senescence markers and fibrosis-related proteins, along with the observed decline in muscle strength and mass, are consistent with previous studies that highlight the role of D-galactose in modeling aging-associated pathologies. The observed lethargy and reduction in muscle fiber cross-sectional area further validate the model's relevance to sarcopenia research. RNA-seq profiling of NOR-10 induced by D-gal compared with the control group