Transcriptional remodeling of primary human monocytes exposed to Leishmania braziliensis

Trained immunity is a phenomenon whereby innate immune cells such as monocytes or macrophages undergo functional reprogramming after exposure to certain microbial components, altering their responses to future exposures. This study profiled the transcriptome of human monocytes trained with Leishmania braziliensis and then re-exposed to lipopolysaccharide. Overall design: Human primary monocytes were isolated using Ficoll and Percoll gradient separation. Baseline monocytes were collected after 1 hour in culture (attached). Monocytes were exposed to media alone or Leishmania braziliensis for 24 hours, allowed to differentiate to macrophages for 5 days and then re-exposed to LPS for 4 hours. RNA was collected at baseline (day 0), 24 hours (day 1), day 6 and day 6 with 4hr LPS.